Chainsaws have come a long way since their early invention in the late 19th century. Originally used for logging in forests, today's chainsaws have become indispensable tools that provide power and versatility for a variety of tasks both large and small.

A Brief History

The first chainsaw was developed in Switzerland in the late 1800s as an improvement over saws that were moved back and forth by hand. Rather than being swung back and forth by the operator, chainsaws featured an endless loop of chain around two wheels that continuously cut as the saw moved through the material. Early models were heavy and dangerous, but soon motors were attached to power the chain mechanism beginning in the 1920s. Mass production of portable chainsaws began in the post-WWII era, with companies like Stihl and Husqvarna developing increasingly powerful yet practical saws for forestry use. By the late 20th century, chainsaws had become a common tool for logging, firewood processing, landscaping, and even hobby use. Today chainsaws come in a range of sizes and capabilities to suit different tasks.

Understanding the Basic Parts

All modern Chainsaws share some common basic parts. The primary components include:

- Bar and Chain: The distinctive cutting mechanism which features a rigid bar to guide a continuous chain with cutter teeth. Chains come in different gauges and cutter styles for specific materials like wood or metal.

- Guide Bar Cover: A protective cover that fits over the bar and chain during operation and transport to avoid accidental contact.

- Engine: Ranging from small 4-stroke engines up to heavy-duty 2-stroke designs, the engine powers the chain mechanism. Displacement can vary significantly based on the saw's intended use.

- Shroud: The plastic casing around the chain which deflects debris while also protecting the operator from rotating parts.

- Hand Guards: Protective metal or plastic side panels around the front handle to shield hands from accidental contact with the chain.

- Throttle: The trigger mechanism used to control engine speed and chain rpm.

- Fuel Tank: Reservoirs for gas and oil mixtures or just gas depending on the engine type.

Understanding the proper use and maintenance of each part helps ensure chainsaws perform well for many years of reliable service.

Choosing the Right Saw for the Job

With chainsaws ranging in size from small 14-inch corded models up to heavy-duty gas-powered saws with 24-inch plus bars, it's important to match the saw attributes to the intended usage. Some key factors:

- Bar Length: Longer bars can handle larger diameter trees but are bulkier to use. Consider the maximum size of material to be cut.

- Engine Power: More powerful engines are needed for cutting larger hardwoods or felled trees. Less power suffices for pruning and smaller yard work.

- Weight: Lighter saws under 10 lbs are best for occasional use where heavier saws can lead to fatigue. Consider user strength.

- 2-Stroke or 4-Stroke: 2-stroke engines provide more power-to-weight but use a gas/oil mixture. 4-stroke engines are simpler but heavier for the same power output.

- Usage: Consider whether cutting will be intermittent yard work or professional usage like forestry where saws see heavy daily use. Commercial saws are built to last.

With a proper evaluation of expected tasks, the right chainsaw can be selected to get jobs done productively while avoiding overkill or a saw that is underpowered. Reputable brands provide capable options at different performance and price levels.

Essential Safety Gear

While chainsaws are extremely effective cutting tools, their powerful rotating chains also pose risks if not handled properly. Using the following protective gear greatly reduces chainsaw operation hazards:

- Chainsaw Safety Chaps: Made of heavy duty nylon or leather, chaps protect legs from chainsaw kickback incidents. Kickback can cause serious cutting injuries so chaps are a necessity, not an option.

- Gloves: Special Kevlar/leather gloves protect hands from cuts, sawdust and debris while maintaining a firm grip on the saw controls. Regular work gloves are inadequate.

- Protective Glasses: Flying debris from cut material demands shatterproof polycarbonate lenses for eye protection. Ordinary safety glasses are not rated for this use.

- Hearing Protection: Chainsaws generate significant noise, so earmuffs or plugs block sound levels that can cause permanent hearing damage over time.

- Sturdy Boots: Protect feet and provide traction on uneven surfaces. Steel toe caps further reduce risk of any falling material.

Proper protective equipment allows chainsaw operators to focus on their tasks without worrying about unnecessary injuries. Following basic safety practices prevents most chainsaw incidents before they start.

Chainsaw Maintenance is Key

Even the highest quality chainsaws require periodic maintenance to stay in good working order. Standard maintenance procedures include:

- Chain Tensioning/Sharpening: As chains wear they must be tightened and individual cutter teeth filed or replaced to maintain efficient cutting ability.

- Air Filter Cleaning: Blocked air filters reduce engine power and performance so filters should be cleaned/replaced regularly.

- Fuel System Cleaning: Carburetors can become gummed up by residues so they are best serviced by a professional.

- Lubrication: All moving parts need light oil spray lubrication, especially chains and moving engine components.

- Tune-Ups: Every 50 hours or season, it's best to service the saw with tune-up parts like spark plugs, fuel lines, and air filters to keep it running smoothly.

With proper care, a quality chainsaw can provide dependable service for many years of use. Taking time for basic maintenance pays off in long saw life. Storing the unit properly also prevents issues from occurring during periods of non-use.

The Versatile Chainsaw

Once only tools for heavy forestry, chainsaws now find their way into farm fields, landscaping, arborist work, and discerning homeowners' toolboxes. Their combination of raw cutting power along with portability has made chainsaws a go-to solution for tree felling, pruning, firewood cutting and even specialty uses like metal cutting. While demanding proper safety practices, a reliable chainsaw handles both routine jobs and heavy-duty tasks productively.