1. Lean Phase Conveying:
   • Advantages:
     • Cost-Effective: Lean Phase systems are cheaper to install and maintain.
     • Quick Delivery: Efficient material transport with minimal delays.
     • Low Power Consumption: Requires less energy.
     • Nil Maintenance: Equipment has a long lifespan (over 15 years).
     • Easily Replaceable Spares: Convenient for maintenance.
     • No Pipe Jamming: Smooth operation due to lower air-to-material ratio.
     • Wide Range of Materials of Construction (MoC): Versatile for different materials.
   • System Components: Blower, Rotary Airlock Valve (RAV), Pick-up Nozzle, L.R. Bends, Dust Collector.
   • Air-to-Material Ratio: Almost equal air and material usage.
   • System Types: Can be used in positive or negative systems.
2. Dense Phase Conveying:
   • Advantages:
     • Robust and Reliable: If properly maintained.
     • Minimized Wear and Tear: Low velocity reduces system and material wear.
     • Enclosed Pipeline: No material escapes, minimizing waste.
   • Disadvantages:
     • Costly: Higher initial investment.
     • High Power Requirement: Requires more energy.
     • Dusty Surroundings: Compressor performance may be affected.
     • Occasional Pipe Jamming: A high air-to-material ratio can lead to jams.

In summary, Lean Phase Conveying offers cost savings, ease of maintenance, and smooth operation, while Dense Phase Conveying is robust but comes with higher costs and occasional challenges.