Companion Animal Arthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is a common condition affecting pet dogs and cats as they age. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones within a joint breaks down over time. Just like humans, genetics and obesity can increase pets' risk of developing arthritis. Additional causes include previous joint injuries, repetitive stress on joints and abnormal bone or joint formation.

A U.S. study from 2017 estimated that 1 in 5 dogs will experience arthritis by the time they are 1 year old or older. For cats, approximately 1 in 7 cats will be diagnosed with arthritis by the age of 15 years. Certain large and giant breed dogs have nearly a 50% chance of developing the condition, according to experts.

Types and Symptoms of Arthritis in Dogs and Cats

There are a few different types of Companion Animal Arthritis seen in companion animals. Osteoarthritis is the most common, where cartilage protecting the bones of joints gradually wears away. Other forms include rheumatoid arthritis, which causes the immune system to attack the joints, and septic arthritis due to joint infection.

Some key symptoms pet owners should watch out for include lameness or stiffness after rest, reluctance to jump, climb stairs or exercise, inability to get comfortable sleeping and limping. Pets may vocalize or growl when limbs are moved or touched. Physical exam will often reveal joint swelling and sensitivity. Owners may also notice behavioral changes like decreased activity levels if arthritis is causing pain.

Treatment and Management Options

Once arthritis is diagnosed via physical exam and x-rays, veterinarians have multiple options for treatment and pain management. Over-the-counter pain medications and prescription anti-inflammatories are commonly used, along with dietary supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin. These work to slow cartilage breakdown and support joint structure.

For severe cases, stronger prescription medications may provide relief. Weight management through diet and exercise is also important, as excess pounds put additional stress on joints. Physical rehabilitation involving massage, range-of-motion exercises and underwater treadmill therapy can keep muscles strong and joints flexible.

Joint supplements are an additional non-drug management strategy. Products containing green-lipped mussel extracts, turmeric, omega-3 fatty acids and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) may reduce inflammation and support cartilage health. Alternative therapies such as acupuncture may complement medication in multi-modal arthritis care programs.

When conservative care no longer controls pain and mobility declines significantly, joint surgery options like arthroscopy to clean out debris or total joint replacement are considered. These allow pets to regain higher quality of life through reduced pain levels.

Impact on Companion Animal Well-Being and Owners

While arthritis is a progressive condition with no cure, proper treatment at any stage gives pets enhanced mobility and comfort. This positively impacts their quality of life, ability to play, exercise and simply move around easily at home. Well-managed arthritis means pets experience less stress from pain, which translates to a happier, calmer demeanor. Owners also greatly benefit from seeing improved function and mood in their pets.

The challenges of caring for a companion animal arthritis go beyond medical costs. Additional responsibilities include assisted exercise like walking, joint massage, keeping debris out of living spaces and potential modifications to homes. Owners may need to adapt daily routines to accommodate pets' changing needs and reduced activity levels as arthritis advances. Monitoring medication schedules and ensuring proper pain control requires time as well. However, these efforts result in companion animals enjoying quality companionship for longer with minimal suffering.

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