Cross linked polyethylene or XLPE is a advanced building material increasingly being used in various construction applications. XLPE has superior properties compared to conventional polyethylene which makes it a game changer material. This article explores the properties and uses of XLPE in modern day construction.
What is Cross Linked Polyethylene?
Cross linked polyethylene or XLPE is a modified form of polyethylene which is created by adding cross linking agents during the manufacturing process. Cross linking is a process where long polyethylene chains are bonded by chemical or thermal treatment which results in formation of cross links between the molecular chains. This cross linking enhances the properties of polyethylene making it more durable and stronger compared to linear or conventional polyethylene.
The cross linking prevents polyethylene chains from unraveling when subjected to stress, heat or other environmental factors. As a result, XLPE gains improved environmental stress crack resistance, higher strength and elasticity along with better resistance to bruising and punctures compared to normal polyethylene. All these superior properties have led to wide adoption of XLPE across various construction applications.
Properties of Cross Linked Polyethylene
Some of the key properties of XLPE that make it suitable for construction include:
- Higher Strength: Cross linking increases tensile strength, flexural modulus and impact resistance of polyethylene. XLPE can withstand loads 5-10 times more than conventional polyethylene.
- Temperature Resistance: XLPE retains its properties from -50°C to 80°C. It does not become brittle at low temperatures and does not deform at high temperatures.
- Chemical Resistance: It is resistant to acids, alkalis and most solvents except halogenated hydrocarbons. This durability makes it suitable for demanding environments.
- Long Lifespan: XLPE has excellent resistance to UV radiations, oxidation and weathering. It can withstand outdoors for more than 50 years without degradation.
- Stress Crack Resistance: Cross linking prevents cracks from rapidly propagating when stressed. This makes XLPE around 100 times more resistant to stress cracking than traditional polyethylene.
Uses of Cross linked polyethylene in Construction
Due to the robust properties, XLPE has seen widespread adoption in construction industry for various applications:
Pipes and Fittings
- Water supply pipes: XLPE delivers corrosion free water transmission with longevity of over 50 years. It is preferred for potable water distribution systems.
- Gas pipes: Used for transportation of natural gas. XLPE pipes are flexible, durable and have very low permeability.
- Sewage pipes: Ideal for sewage collection systems due to chemical resistance and strength to withstand external loads.
Insulation and Backsheets
- Cable insulation: Main insulation material for high voltage cable up to 400kV due to its superior dielectric properties and lifetime.
- Roofing membranes: Often used as backsheets or cover boards in roofing systems due its resistance to UV, moisture, chemicals etc.
Geomembranes and Liners
- Landfill liners: Durable geomembranes used as bottom liners in sanitary landfills and mining applications for leakage control.
- Canal liners: Used for lining irrigation canals to prevent seepage of water. Offers long lasting solution.
Decking and Fencing
- Outdoor decking: Rot and crack resistant composite deck boards are popular consumer choice.
- Fencing: Vinyl fencing made with XLPE does not splinter or rot, offering long service life.
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