Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic that is used topically in the form of an ointment or cream to provide relief from various skin conditions that cause pain or discomfort. In this article, we will discuss what lidocaine ointment is, how it works, common uses and applications, side effects and overall effectiveness as an over-the-counter treatment option.

What is Lidocaine Ointment?
Lidocaine ointment is a topical medicated cream or gel that contains the local anesthetic lidocaine. Lidocaine works by temporarily numbing nerve endings located in the skin, which helps block pain signals from being sent to the brain. This numbing effect provides cooling and soothing relief from pain, irritation and itching arising from various skin conditions. Some common brand names of lidocaine ointments include Lidoderm, LMX and Zensa. Lidocaine ointment is available over-the-counter without a prescription for treating minor skin ailments.

How Does Lidocaine Ointment Work?
When lidocaine ointment is applied to the skin, the lidocaine molecules penetrate the outer layers of the epidermis and bind to sodium channels located on nerve cell membranes. This prevents sodium ions from entering nerve cells and propagating nerve impulses. As a result, pain signals from the treated area do not reach the brain, numbing the skin. The numbing effect kicks in within 15-30 minutes of application and typically lasts for several hours, providing temporary relief from symptoms. Lidocaine is a fast-acting but short-lasting topical pain reliever.

Uses and Applications
- Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN): PHN is often described as a burning or stabbing pain caused by nerve damage from shingles. Studies have found lidocaine ointment to be effective at relieving PHN pain.

- Minor burns: When applied within 6 hours of a minor burn, lidocaine can reduce pain and improve wound healing. It also relieves pain during dressing changes.

- Skin irritations: Conditions like insect bites, poison ivy, minor cuts or scrapes cause skin irritation and pain. Lidocaine provides cooling relief from these symptoms.

- Post-procedure pain: After minor medical procedures involving the skin like biopsies or mole removal, lidocaine cream can reduce pain, itching and discomfort at the wound site.

- Sunburn: The cooling and numbing properties of lidocaine help soothe sunburn pain and accelerate the healing process.

- Eczema/Psoriasis: Lidocaine may provide temporary relief from itching and inflammation caused by eczema or psoriasis flare ups.

Effectiveness and Patient Satisfaction
Several clinical studies have demonstrated lidocaine ointment to be an effective over-the-counter treatment for various skin conditions that cause pain, irritation or itching. In particular, lidocaine has shown promise in relieving PHN pain and symptoms. Patient surveys also indicate high levels of satisfaction with lidocaine ointment and cream when used for approved minor indications. The cooling and temporary numbing sensation upon application is itself quite relieving to patients. However, lidocaine is not a cure for underlying skin disorders and must be applied regularly to maintain pain relief.

Safety and Side Effects
Lidocaine ointment is generally well-tolerated when used as directed on small areas of intact skin. Some potential side effects may include mild skin irritation, redness, rash or swelling at the application site. Systemic side effects are extremely rare but could include dizziness, blurred vision or nausea if an excessive amount is accidentally ingested. As with any medication, patients should discontinue use and consult a doctor if side effects persist or worsen. Lidocaine should also be used with caution by those with medical conditions like heart disease or kidney impairment. It is not advised for use on open wounds or broken skin.

Conclusion
In summary, lidocaine ointment provides effective temporary relief from various skin conditions associated with pain, irritation and itching when applied topically. With proper use as directed, it is considered safe with low risk of side effects. As an over-the-counter treatment option, lidocaine can be a cost-effective solution for minor skin issues and help improve quality of life. However, it does not cure underlying skin disorders and should be used alongside prescription medications or under medical guidance if needed for severe or persistent conditions. Overall, lidocaine ointment is a useful addition to any home first-aid kit for minor skin injuries and flare ups.