Lyme disease is a systemic bacterial infection that is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. If left untreated, it can cause serious long-term health issues. With early detection and proper treatment, most people make a full recovery. However, treatment of Lyme disease can often be complex due to the varied nature of symptoms and persistence of symptoms in some patients.

Signs and Symptoms
The most common early signs of Lyme disease include flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue and muscle and joint aches. A characteristic red bull's-eye rash called erythema migrans is seen in around 70-80% of infected individuals. Later stages may involve joint pain and swelling, nerve pain, cardiac and neurologic issues. Symptoms can vary greatly between individuals. It is important to check for ticks after being in wooded or grassy areas and see a doctor if you develop symptoms. Laboratory tests help confirm the infection.

Early Treatment Options
Most doctors will prescribe oral antibiotics like doxycycline, amoxicillin or cefuroxime axetil as first-line Lyme Disease Treatment for early localized Lyme disease. Typical treatment involves taking the antibiotic for 14 to 21 days. Oral medications are generally well tolerated with reported side effects being uncommon. Response to treatment is usually prompt with symptoms resolving within a few days to weeks. In some cases intravenous (IV) antibiotics may be given if symptoms are more severe or widespread. For patients with certain neurologic or cardiac involvement, IV ceftriaxone or penicillin may be required for up to 4 weeks.

Managing Later Stage Lyme Disease
For some people, symptoms of fatigue, pain, or difficulty thinking may continue or even develop months to years after treatment. This is sometimes called Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS). The cause is still being investigated. The current recommended approach is to address ongoing symptoms through symptom management. Options include pain medications, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise and stress management techniques. Some studies have indicated certain IV antibiotics may help some PTLDS patients, but more research is still needed regarding their efficacy. Resolution of persistent symptoms can take months or longer with a supportive treatment approach.

Preventing Tick Bites and Reinfection
Using insect repellent and doing full-body tick checks after being outdoors are the best ways to avoid tick bites in the first place. Wearing light-colored clothing makes it easier to spot ticks. Tucking pants into socks helps prevent ticks travelling underneath clothing. Performing thorough tick checks on yourself, your children and pets daily is vital, as ticks can take 24-48 hours of attachment before transmitting the infection. Lyme disease vaccination for high-risk individuals is also available. Reinfection is possible if exposed to infected ticks again, so prevention methods should continue through spring and summer months.

Monitoring Treatment Response and Recovery
It is important for your doctor to closely monitor your symptoms and treatment response. Follow-up blood tests 6-8 weeks after antibiotic treatment can confirm clearance of the infection. However, antibodies may still be detected by serologic tests for months to years even after successful treatment. So, ongoing symptoms alone do not necessarily indicate treatment failure or ongoing infection. With time and symptom management, full recovery is achievable for the majority of patients. Having a treatment and follow-up plan agreed upon with an experienced Lyme-literate doctor is highly recommended.