Introduction
Building fires have caused massive loss of life and property damage over the years. As building materials and construction practices have evolved, fire safety standards and codes have also become more stringent. One of the most important aspects of high rise and commercial building design today is the use of fireproof cladding materials on the building exteriors. In this article, we will explore the need for fireproof cladding, various types available and benefits they provide.

Regulations for fireproof cladding
In the wake of tragic fires that consumed tall buildings, governments and safety organizations around the world have introduced strict regulations regarding flame retardant and fireproof exterior cladding materials. The National Building Code now mandates that external walls of buildings above a certain height must have non-combustible cladding that does not propagate fire or add fuel to it. Materials are tested for flame spread rating, smoke production and toxicity when exposed to fire. Only those scoring satisfactorily on these tests are approved for use. Non-compliance can attract heavy penalties and construction will not be approved.

Common types of fireproof cladding
Some of the most widely used fireproof cladding materials meeting global standards are:

- Stone/terra cotta cladding: Natural stone like granite and artificial stone are inherently non-combustible and offer excellent fire resistance. They do not emit toxic fumes when exposed to high temperatures. Terra cotta has similar properties.

- Fiber cement cladding: Made of sand, cement and cellulose fibers, fiber cement boards have high strength as well as fire resistance. They do not burn or melt easily.

- Aluminum composite panels: These modern panels consist of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-combustible core like mineral fillers. They are lightweight yet fireproof.

- Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) panels: GRC panels have superb fire resistance due to a cementitious matrix reinforced with glass fibers. They offer design flexibility for facades.

Benefits of fireproof cladding
The fire safety benefits offered by external cladding materials are enormous. Here are some key advantages:

Delayed fire spread: Non-combustible cladding performs as a shield that does not catch fire easily or add fuel to the flames. This delays the spread of fire within the building.

Smoke reduction: Many fireproof materials produce little smoke and toxic gases when exposed to fire, reducing the smoke logging that can lead to loss of visibility and asphyxiation.

Structural integrity: The cladding protects the building's main structure, preventing weaknesses from appearing due to heat. This maintains overall structural stability for longer even if a fire breaks out.

Life safety: By preventing external and rapid fire spread, there is more time for evacuation and firefighting. Fireproof cladding directly contributes to saving lives.

Insurance benefits: Buildings with approved fireproof cladding qualify for good risk classification and lower insurance premiums.

Lessened financial losses: By curbing fire damage to external walls and floors, the cost of repairs, business closure and inventory losses is reduced significantly.

Sustainability: Non-combustible materials do not release poisonous fumes and once installed, durable cladding lasts for decades with minimal maintenance required.

Installation and maintenance
Fireproof cladding materials are installed by specialized contractors. While techniques may vary, the basics include - substrate preparation, use of proper fasteners and fire stops, carefully fitting panels together with appropriate gaps and seals. Regular maintenance involves periodic cleaning, checking of seals and repairs in case of any damage over time. With proper installation and care, the cladding can serve as a strong line of defense against fires through its entire lifetime.

Conclusion
In summary, fireproof cladding has now become a necessity for tall and crucial buildings. It provides multiple safety, financial and environmental benefits by preventing external fire spread. Regulatory norms around the world have also recognized this importance and mandate the use of non-combustible materials in external walls. By following these standards, the risk of fires claiming lives and property can be significantly reduced. With new technologies enriching available options, fire-safe cladding continues to evolve for a safer tomorrow.