What is Arthritis?
Arthritis is a general term that refers to joint inflammation or damage of the joints. It is very common in both dogs and cats. The most common symptoms owners may notice in their pets include lameness or stiffness following resting periods, reluctance to jump, run or climb stairs, difficulty getting comfortable lying down or standing up, and signs of pain when joints are touched or moved.
Types of Companion Animal Arthritis
There are a few different types of arthritis that affect companion animals.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is the most common type seen in aging pets. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones begins to deteriorate. Over time, this leads to pain, swelling and stiffness as bone begins to rub against bone within the joint. Risk factors for osteoarthritis include advanced age, obesity, injury or congenital abnormalities of the joints.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Companion Animal Arthritis is an inflammatory and potentially painful joint condition. Unlike osteoarthritis, it is not caused by normal wear and tear but rather an abnormal immune response within the joint. Symptoms include pain, swelling and stiffness around multiple joints at the same time. Rheumatoid arthritis is most often seen in middle-aged cats.
Infectious Arthritis
In some cases, arthritis may actually result from a bacterial or viral infection within the joint space. Joints most commonly infected are shoulders, knees or stifle joints. Symptoms resemble those of other types but often onset more suddenly. Treatment involves antibiotics and sometimes surgical drainage or lavage of the joint.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options For Companion Animal Arthritis
When owners notice signs of arthritis, a visit to the veterinarian is important to diagnose the type and severity of disease. Examinations of the joint(s), review of history and presentation, and sometimes x-rays or bloodwork may be done.
Treatment focuses on managing pain and slowing progression of joint damage. For mild cases, recommendations often begin with weight control if needed, exercise modification and anti-inflammatory medications. Joint supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin can also provide some benefit for osteoarthritis.
Prescription medications like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are very effective for controlling arthritis pain and inflammation in both dogs and cats. Some pets require a longer term oral NSAID while others do fine using the medicine intermittently as needed. Owners should always work closely with their vet regarding proper use and monitoring when giving any medication regularly.
When arthritis progresses to more advanced stages or medications are no longer sufficient, additional therapy options may include joint injections of corticosteroids or monoclonal antibodies that combat inflammatory mediators like nerve growth factor. For severe, localizable disease, surgical options such as arthroscopy or joint replacement may also be considered in some cases.
Together with your veterinarian, an appropriate treatment plan can be designed to manage your companion’s arthritis as effectively as possible while also protecting the pet’s quality of life. It is important to have regular check-ins to monitor response to treatment and make adjustments as needed. With proper care and an arthritis-appropriate lifestyle, many pets can continue enjoying activities and interacting happily with their owners despite having joint issues.
Companion Animal Arthritis management at Home
While medical treatment and monitoring by the vet play important roles, owners also have a significant part to play at home in managing their pet’s arthritis. Simple modifications to daily routines and environments can make a big difference. Here are some of the key things owners can do:
– Provide easy access to comfortable lounging areas inside and outside. Soft-surface beds and padding on hard surfaces help pets rest pain-free.
– Moderation and modification of exercise. Short, low-impact activities like leash walks are usually fine but avoid long hikes or running. Swimming is an excellent low-impact option.
– Keep pets at a healthy weight. Even a few extra pounds significantly increase stress on joints. High-quality diet and portion control are important.
– Use anti-inflammatory medication as prescribed by your vet. Be strict with timing and do not alter dosing without consultation.
– Consider supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin and omega-3 fatty acids. These may provide mild support to joints.
– Keep living quarters warm and comfortable. Cold and dampness can exacerbate joint pain.
– Gentle range-of-motion activities. occasional light massage or brushing over joints can keep them mobile.
With proper medical care and helpful modifications at home, many pets are able to enjoy a happy, active lifestyle despite troublesome arthritis. It is critical that owners educate themselves on managing their companion’s condition as partners in their care.
Companion animal arthritis is a common condition in aging dogs and cats that affects quality of life. Owners play an important role in recognizing symptoms, seeking veterinary treatment, monitoring response to interventions, and making appropriate modifications at home to help manage their pet’s joint issues as effectively as possible. A combination of medical care, activity adjustment, joint supplements, weight control and lifestyle changes can go a long way in allowing companion animals to remain comfortable and continue interacting happily despite having arthritis.
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